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Phraseology, classification of phraseological units

1. Phraseology, classification of phraseological units. Vinogradov’s classification of phraseological units:

a) phraseological combinations (сочетания). b) unities (единства). c) fussions (сокращения).

a) phraseological combinations — are word — groups with a partially changed meaning. They may be said to be clearly motivated, that is the meaning of the units can be easily deduced from the meanings of its constituents.

Ex. to be good at smth., to have a bite….

b) unities — are word — groups with a completely changed meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit doesn’t correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts.

Ex. to loose

one’s head (to be out of one’s mind), to loose one’s heart to smb.(to fall in love).

c) fussions — are word — groups with a completely changed meaning but, in contrast to the units, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning can’t be deduced from the meanings of its constituent parts.

Ex. to come a cropper(to come to disaster).

The Koonin’s classification is the latest outstanding achievement in the Russian theory of phraseology. The classification is based on the combined structural — semantic principle and it also considers the quotient of stability of phraseological units.

I. Nominative phraseological units — are represented by word — groups, including the ones with one meaningful word, and coordinative phrases of the type wear and tear, well and good.

II. Nominative — communicative phraseological units — include word — groups, of the type to break the ice — the ice is broken, that is, verbal word — groups which are transformed into a sentence when the verb is used in the Passive Voice.

III. Phraseological units — which are neither nominative nor communicative include interjectional word — groups.

IV. Communicative phraseological units — are represented by proverbs and sayings.

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