Загрязнение окружающей среды — Environmental pollution
The technology and other scientific innovations have given us boundless opportunities to explore the world. At the same time, they have done much harm to the environment.
Firstly, it is the atmosphere pollution. Plants and factories emit harmful gases. In the process of industrial production lots of wastes are thrown into the air.
Secondly, hydrosphere pollution is not less important either. The leakage of oil or some other kind of fuel for technical reasons can cause a serious environmental accident. But it takes a long time the agueous medium to recover.
Thirdly, usage of differentchemicals to kill detrimental insects or heighten the productivity erodes the soil and exhausts it of fertility.
However, it should be noted that nowadays humans are trying to apply new waste-free ways of manufacture. It means that people are worried about their future life.
To sum up, it is necessary to fulfil our intentions on preservation of the environment so as to keep
No living organisms are stable. They are in a continual state of chemical change. All the time that we are alive we are continually dying and being reborn. About three million of our blood cell die while we read a sentence, and at the same time three million more cells are made. The word metabolism is used to signify the chemical changes which take place in living organisms.
By using of suitable measuring instruments it is possible to follow the blood cells in the body and to find out how long they live. This work has revealed that the average life of each blood cell is about a fortnight. Even bones are much less stable than we might expect.
It is clear that since the living body is in a state of constant change, the chemical changes must be precisely controlled. We now know that each of the many thousands of chemical reactions which take place in a living body is controlled by a particular enzyme. Enzymes are organic catalysts which take part in the chemical processes occurring in living bodies.
The change of one form of sugar
These are sugars which each have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differently in each sugar. A great number of. enzymes bring about hydrolysis-that is a chemical reaction in the presence of water. The process of digestion is brought about by hydrolyzing enzymes. Another group of enzymes brings about oxidation’s. i. e. reaction during which pairs of hydrogen atoms are removed from molecules and are combined with oxygen atoms to make water.
It seems probable that a single cell may contain a thousand or more different enzymes which bring about a similar number of chemical reactions.
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