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What is Australia Like? — Какова Австралия?

Did you know, for example, that Australia is the biggest island in the world? It is only a little smaller than the United States of America, and it is bigger than Western Europe.
Did you know Australia is one of the oldest lands in the world? During millions of years, wind and water have slowly taken the earth from the hills and filled the valleys with it. Although there are some mountains along the east coast, and some along the west coast, the centre of the country is very flat.
A long line of mountains runs from the north to the south of the east coast. It is called the Great Dividing Range, because it divides the green, wet coast of eastern Australia from the hot dry lands in the centre.
Australia has three different climates. In the north the weather is tropical — hot and wet.
In the centre, the climate is very dry, and the land is mainly desert. In the south, it is pleasant with cool winters and warm summers.
The four great deserts of central

Australia cover 2,000,000 square kilometres.
There are six different states in Australia: Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. There are also two territories: Northern Territory, and Australian Capital Territory, with Canberra, the nation’s capital city, in it.
Each Australian state has its own government and its own capital city. The state capitals are Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, and Adelaide.
Where do all the Australians live? In fact most of them (85 per cent) live in the cities of the east coast. But even these cities are not very big. There are only 16 million people in Australia, and it’s a very big country.
Australia is sometimes called ‘the lucky country’. One reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold, silver, iron, coal and many precious metals. Oil and natural gas have helped to build big industries. Victoria, the southeastern state, has a large number of industries. Oil is no problem for them.
Sydney is the best known place in New South Wales. In fact, it’s the best known place in
Australia. But New South Wales has more than cities. There are, for example, the Blue Mountains. They are covered with forests of blue-coloured eucalyptus trees. The air above the forest contains millions of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountains is a real, beautiful blue.
The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1,400 different kinds offish, and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It’s not surprising that more holiday-makers come to Queensland every year.
South Australia is the driest of all the states, but it does have the Murray River. The river brings greenness and life to the state’s south-east corner.
There are two kinds of gold in Western Australia. First, there’s the real kind — the kind that comes out of the ground. Gold was found in Kalgoorlie in 1893. Kalgoorlie still exports some gold, but the new gold of Western Australia is wheat. Big farms grow millions of tons of wheat every year, and wheat has become Australia’s second biggest export.
Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is the same size as England. It is also very different from the other states. There are no deserts in Tasmania. It often rains, both in winter and summer. Only half a million people live in Tasmania and a large part of the islands is still covered with wild, beautiful rain forests. These forests are full of wonderful flowers and interesting animals, like the little Tasmanian devil.

Какова Австралия?

Знали ли Вы, например, что Австралия — самый большой остров в мире? Она только немного меньше, чем Соединенные Штаты Америки, и больше, чем Западная Европа.
Знали ли Вы, что Австралия — одна из старейших земель в мире? В течение миллионов лет, ветер и вода медленно брали землю из холмов и заполняли ею долины. Хотя по восточному побережью расположено немного гор, и немного гор по западному побережью, центр страны очень плоский.
Длинная линия гор тянется с севера на юг восточного побережья. Она называется Большим Водораздельным Хребтом, так как он отделяет зеленое, влажное побережье восточной Австралии от горячих сухих земель в центре.
Австралия имеет три различных климата. На севере погода тропическая — жаркая и влажная.
В центре, климат очень сухой, и земля — главным образом пустыня. На юге, приятно с прохладной зимой и теплым летом.
Четыре больших пустыни центральной Австралии занимают 2 000 000 квадратных километров.
В Австралии шесть различных штатов: Западная Австралия, Квинсленд, Новый Южный Уэльс, Виктория, Тасмания и Южная Австралия. А также две территории: Северная Территория, и Австралийская Столичная Территория, с Канберрой, национальной столицей.
Каждый Австралийский штат имеет свое собственное правительство и свою собственную столицу. Столицы штатов — это Перт, Брисбен, Сидней, Мельбурн, Хобарт и Аделаида.
Где же живут все Австралийцы? Фактически большинство из них (85 процентов) живет в городах восточного побережья. Но даже эти города не очень большие. В Австралии только 16 миллионов людей, а это — очень большая страна.
Австралию иногда называют «страной везения». Одна причина — это поразительные богатства под землей: золото, серебро, железо, уголь и много драгоценных металлов. Благодаря нефти и природному газу возникли крупные отрасли промышленности. Виктория, юго-восточный штат, имеет большое количество отраслей промышленности. Для них нефть не является проблемой.
Сидней — самое известное место в Новом Южном Уэльсе. Фактически, это — самое известное место в Австралии. Но в Новом Южном Уэльсе есть не только города. Там, например, есть Голубые Горы. Они покрыты лесами голубых эвкалиптов. Воздух над лесами содержит миллионы микроскопических капель эвкалиптового масла. Когда светит солнце, воздух Голубых Гор действительно, красиво голубой.
Большой Барьерный Риф на побережье Квинсленда — это сад под морем. Там есть 1400 различных видов рыб, и больше чем 300 видов кораллов. На прекрасных островах растут тропические фрукты и цветы. Не удивительно, что каждый год все больше отдыхающих приезжает в Квинсленд.
Южная Австралия — самый сухой из всех штатов, но в нем протекает река Муррей. Река дает зелень и жизнь юго-восточной части штата.
В Западной Австралии существуют два вида золота. Первый, это настоящее золото — золото, которое выходит из — под земли. Золото было найдено в Калгурли в 1893 г. Калгурли все еще экспортирует золото, но новое золото Западной Австралии — это пшеница. Крупные фермы каждый ГОД наращивают миллионы тонн пшеницы, и пшеница стала вторым самым большим экспорта») Австралии.
Тасмания, это небольшой остров к югу от Австралии. Он — такой же по размеру как Англия. Он также очень отличается от других штатов. В Тасмании нет пустынь. Часто идет дождь, и зимой и летом. В Тасмании живет только полмиллиона людей, а большая часть островов все еще покрыта дикими, красивыми тропическими лесами. Эти леса полны удивительных цветов и интересных животных, такие как маленький Тасманийский дьявол (сумчатый волк).

Questions:

1. What is the biggest island in the world?
2. What is one of the oldest lands in the world?
3. What climate does Australia have?
4. How many states are there in Australia?
5. What are the state capitals?
6. Where do all the Australians live?
7. What are the riches of Australia?
8. What two kinds of gold are there in Western Australia?
9. What do you know about Tasmania?

Vocabulary:

Flat [flset] — плоский
Perth [рэ:9] — Перт
riches — сокровища
iron [‘аш] — железо
coal [kaul] — уголь
precious fprejbs] — драгоценный
oil [oil] — нефть
eucalyptus [Juiks’liptas] — эвкалипт
wheat [wi:t] — пшеница
rain forest — тропический лес
Tasmanian devil — сумчатый волк

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