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Great Britain — Великобритания

The term Great Britain is used in different meanings. It may indicate a geographical object (the island of Great Britain) or a political object (England, Scotland and Wales in combination). Very often people use it in the meaning of the whole United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland as well) and in this meaning it will be used in this topic.

Geography

Great Britain is situated near the north-west coast of continental Europe. It is separated from the mainland by the North Sea and by the English Channel. The whole country occupies the island of Great Britain, the part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands.

Main Cities

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. The state’s government is situated there. The capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The biggest cities of the UK also include Manchester, Glasgow, and Liverpool.

Government

Great

Britain consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Together, they form one state — the United Kingdom. It is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentarysystem.

Presently the monarch is Queen Elizabeth II. She is the head of state, but the biggest political power belongs to the prime minister (currently Theresa May) and Parliament. The latter consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Economy

Great Britain is a developed country with a market economy, the world’s fifth-largest by nominal GDP (gross domestic product). The most significant industries of Great Britain are the automotive industry, the aerospace industry and the pharmaceutical industry. The agriculture of the UK is highly mechanized and efficient (satisfies 60% of food needs with only 1.6% of the labor force).

Population

Great Britain is the 22nd-most populous country, with the population of 65 million people. They are people from various ethnic groups, including the English, the Scotch, the Welsh, the Irish, the Indian, the Chinese, various African ethnicities

etc.

Climate

Great Britain has a temperate climate with plentiful rainfall. The temperature varies from -11 °C to 35 °C.

Слово «Великобритания» употребляется в различных значениях. Оно может обозначать географический объект (остров Великобританию) или политический объект (взятые вместе Англию, Шотландию и Уэльс). Очень часто люди используют его для обозначения всего Соединенного Королевства (включая также Северную Ирландию), и в этом же значении оно будет использоваться в данном топике.

География

Великобритания расположена рядом с северо-западным побережьем континентальной Европы. От континента ее отделяет Северное море и пролив Ла-Манш. Вся страна занимает остров Великобританию, часть острова Ирландии и множество более мелких островов.

Основные города

Лондон — столица и самый населенный город в Англии и в Соединенном Королевстве. В нем располагается правительство страны. Столицами Шотландии, Уэльса и Северной Ирландии являются Эдинбург, Кардифф и Белфаст. К крупнейшим городам Великобритании также относятся Манчестер, Глазго и Ливерпуль.

Правительство

Великобритания состоит из четырех стран: Англии, Шотландии, Уэльса и Северной Ирландии. Вместе они образуют одно государство — Соединенное Королевство. Это конституционная монархия с парламентской системой.

В настоящее время монархом является королева Елизавета II. Она глава государства, однако наибольшая политическая власть принадлежит премьер-министру (в настоящее время это Тереза Мэй) и парламенту. Последний состоит из двух палат: Палаты общин и Палаты лордов.

Экономика

Великобритания — это развитая страна с рыночной экономикой, занимающей пятое место в мире по номинальному ВВП (валовому внутреннему продукту). Наиболее значимые отрасли промышленности Великобритании: автомобильная, аэрокосмическая и фармацевтическая. Сельское хозяйство Великобритании высокомеханизировано и высокоэффективно (удовлетворяет 60% пищевых потребностей при использовании лишь 1,6% рабочей силы).

Население

Великобритания занимает 22-ое место в мире по численности населения, которое составляет 65 миллионов человек. Это люди различной этнической принадлежности, включая англичан, шотландцев, валлийцев, ирландцев, индийцев, китайцев, представителей различных африканских народностей и пр.

Климат

В Великобритании умеренный климат с обильными осадками в виде дождя. Температура варьируется от -11 °C до 35 °C.

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