Главная ⇒ 📕English topics ⇒ Elections in the USA — Выборы в США


Elections in the USA — Выборы в США

The US Constitution includes some general provisions on the franchise. It sets forth certain requirements for candidates running for a post of a president, vice-president, senator or member of the House of Representatives. Requirements usually concern age, residence and citizenship. The candidates who meet all these requirements are considered eligible for office. A residence qualification requires a permanent residence of an individual in order to get the right to vote.
The duration of the residence qualification is, in general, a few months though it may substantially vary from state to state.
Besides, some states have the so-called literacy qualification (the voter should be able to read and speak English, he (she) must know how to interpret the US Constitution, etc.
And at last it should be mentioned that in some states a poll tax is levied upon everyone who votes and this certainly discourages poor citizens and Negroes from voting. In this context, it is not surprising

that not all the Americans participate in elections, including congressional or presidential elections.
The voters are registered by clerks of counties or towns and by local election commissions. When registering, the voter must produce an identification card. This is done to prevent fraud. The administration of elections is vested in an election commission which ordinarily is composed of two commissioners, one representing each of the major parties, and a third ex officio member, usually a sheriff, a county judge, or a clerk.
Prior to holding primary or general election, the commission appoints election officers for each precinct and also arranges for polling places. After the ballots have been cast, they are counted and the results obtained are tabulated and returned to the election commission which officially counts the precinct tally sheets.

Выборы в США

В конституции США содержатся некоторые общие положения по избирательному праву. В ней изложены требования к кандидатам, баллотирующимся

на посты президента, вице-президента, сенаторов и членов палаты представителей. Как правило, это требования в отношении возраста, оседлости и гражданства. Те кандидаты, которые вполне удовлетворяют всем этим требованиям, считаются подходящими для занятия соответствующих политических должностей.
Ценз оседлости требует постоянного проживания человека в одном и том же месте для получения права на участие в голосовании. Ценз оседлости требует проживания в одном месте в течение нескольких месяцев, хотя, в зависимости от штата, срок может быть разным.
Кроме того, в ряде штатов существует так называемый образовательный ценз (от участвующего в голосовании требуется, чтобы он мог говорить и писать по-английски, чтобы он знал, как истолковывать конституцию США и т. д.).
Наконец, следует отметить и то, что в некоторых штатах взимается избирательный налог с каждого, кто участвует в голосовании. Разумеется, это не может не сдерживать бедняков и негров. В этой связи неудивительно, что отнюдь не все американцы участвуют в выборах, включая выборы президента или выборы в конгресс США.
Избиратели регистрируются у чиновников округов или городов, а также в местных комиссиях по выборам. Во время регистрации избиратель должен предъявить свое удостоверение личности. Это делается для того, чтобы не допустить обмана. За ходом выборов следит избирательная комиссия, состоящая, как правило, из двух чиновников, каждый из которых выступает в качестве представителя крупной партии, а также третьего члена, входящего в комиссию по должности. Обычно это — шериф, судья округа или клерк.
До проведения первичных или общих выборов указанной комиссией назначаются чиновники по выборам, которые направляются в соответствующий избирательный участок, и, кроме того, комиссия занимается вопросами подбора места для голосования. После голосования производится подсчет бюллетеней, полученные результаты заносятся в сводки, поступающие в распоряжение комиссии по выборам, которая официально подсчитывает общие результаты по участкам.

Questions:

1. What does the US Constitution set forth?
2. What do requirements usually concern?
3. Who is considered eligible for office?
4. What does a residence qualification require?
5. What is meant by literacy qualification?
6. What is levied upon everyone who votes?
7. Who are the voters registered by?
8. What is done to prevent fraud?
9. Who is the administration of elections vested in?
10.What does the election commission do?

Vocabulary:

General provisions — общие положения
on the franchise — по избирательному праву
residence qualification — ценз оседлости
clerk — чиновник
identification card — удостоверение личности
polling place, the polls — место голосования
salary — зарплата (оклад)

1 звезда2 звезды3 звезды4 звезды5 звезд (1 votes, average: 5,00 out of 5)


Related posts:

  1. Thomas Jefferson — Томас Джефферсон Thomas Jefferson is one of the American Presidents. Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of this nation. Jefferson strongly believed in a democratic form of government. He was...
  2. Traditional American Food — Традиционная американская еда Americans eat a lot. They have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. Most of Americans don’t eat home but prefer to go to restaurants. They can choose from...
  3. St. Patrick’s Day Some biographical facts Saint Patrick is one of the symbols of Ireland, in fact, he is considered the man who drew the country to Christianity. And he did it almost...
  4. Climate and Weather in Great Britain Weather is not the same as climate. The weather at a place is the state of the atmosphere there at a given time or over a short period. The weather...
  5. Health and diseases People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. They understand that good health is above wealth. To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect...
  6. Yury Gagarin — Юрий Гагарин On April 12, 1961, Yury Gagarin made history by being the first human to orbit the earth. As a precaution, engineers at the Soviet Academy of Sciences had an onboard...
  7. Seasons (2) There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In the United States autumn is called Fall. Each season lasts three months. In most countries of the...
  8. My Birthday — Мой день рождения (3) I was born on the 12th of March. Birthday is a very remarkable day for me. March is a spring month and usually the weather is warm. In the morning...
  9. My best holiday was Bodrum holiday My best holiday I spent with my girlfriend, we rested and stayed 4 weeks in hotel Kempinski in Bodrum, Turkey. We flew on an airplane in Turkey from Cyprus. It...
  10. Why Do We Learn the English Language — Зачем мы изучаем английский язык (3) People began to speak many centuries ago, and since then they have been speaking different languages. Every language reflects the soul, behaviour and temperament of each nationality. Peoples created their...
  11. My Flat — Моя квартира My family lives in a 9-storeyed building, which is situated near the city center. There is a nursery, school, several shops and a brasserie not far from the house. We...
  12. Kyiv — the Capital of Ukraine — Киев — столица Украины According to the chronicles Kyiv’s first citadel was built in the period from the sixth to eighth centuries. Kyiv bears the name of prince Kyi, who lived on the old...
  13. Shops — Магазины Do you like shopping? It is well known that many people do like, especially women. In any case we often just have to do it, when we need some foodstuffs,...
  14. My trip to England Imagine waking up one day in a country that you`ve never been to and know no one there. It is an incredible experience, and something that people will remember forever....
  15. Can All People Become Champions? We know a lot about physical training and sports. They are part of our everyday life. Sports help people to stay in good shape. Many boys and girls are interested...
  16. The American Dream Few terms are defined in so many different ways or bandied about more loosely than «the American Dream.» To some people, the term is a joke, an object of satire,...
  17. History of London London is an old city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. There has been a «London...
  18. The Profession of Sociologist Generally it’s so not easy for a school-leaver to decide on his future career. There are some frivolous people who enter an institute thinking whether they like the profession they...
  19. Экономические термины на английском языке с переводом Экономические термины, как и любую другую специальную терминологию, важно уметь правильно переводить. В таких случаях не стоит брать первое попавшееся значение из обычного англо-русского словаря. Здесь правильнее пользоваться специализированными изданиями....
  20. Travelling by Sea — Морское путешествие Human beings are very inquisitive and like discovering different places. That is why people all over the world like to travel around the globe. It is not so interesting for...
  21. Introducing Myself (2) My name is Kostya. My surname is Laznev. I was born in Moscow on the 23rd of June in 1981. I am a tall thin boy. My hair is dark...
  22. Foreign languages Living in the modern world without knowing any foreign language is almost impossible. Foreign languages are absolutely necessary for people nowadays, because of our growing international contacts with foreign countries....
  23. Discovery «In 1492 Columbus sailed Ocean Blue». This little rhyme many American children learn to remember the date when Christopher Columbus «discovered» America. ‘But was Christopher Columbus really the first person...
  24. Space Exploration — Исследование космоса (1) Entering the twenty-first century, we have an unimaginable array of technology and a generation of young people schooled in these technologies. Three decades ago people placed six flags on the...
  25. My favorite subject (2) My favorite subject in school is Mathematics. It is my favorite because I never have difficulty with it and always get good marks in tests. I suppose I am lucky...
  26. My Favourite Film — Мой любимый фильм (2) Last Tuesday I saw the film «Romeo and Juliet» by Shakespeare. The starring was perfect. Romeo was played by Leonardo DiCaprio. And I’ll try to tell you about this film....
  27. Cities and Towns of Great Britain Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country, and most of the people live in large cities. Naturally, the capital comes first among the biggest industrial cities of the country....
  28. Тема «Дом» на английском языке Structure of the house — Структура дома Attic — чердак balcony — балкон basement — подвал ceiling — потолок cellar — подвал, погреб door — дверь floor — пол garage...
  29. Financial Careers — Финансовая карьера What am I going to do after school or university? Maybe I should consider a job in the financial world. There’s a surprisingly wide range to choose from — for...
  30. My Family — Моя семья Our family is neither large nor small. I have a mother, a father and a sister. We all live together in a three — room flat in one of the...
  31. Greenwich Village and the East Village in New York Greenwich Village and the East Village have always been at the centre of New york’s excitement. Both have been places for people with different and creative ideas. Both have an...
  32. The Kremlin The Kremlin is the symbol of Russian and Soviet power and authority. Its crenellated red brick walls and 20 towers were built at the end of the 15th century, when...
  33. On Learning English — Об изучении английского языка On Learning English Learning English is like learning to swim or learning to play ball. We learn to swim by swimming, to play ball by playing ball, and to speak...
  34. My future profession and career What do you want to be when you grow up? We have heard this question many times during our school years. Perhaps, it was difficult for us to give a...
  35. The History of Halloween — История Хэллоуина On October 31st, the eve of All Saints Day or just Halloween is celebrated. The tradition of Halloween began in the fifth century B. C. by the Irish Celts, who...
  36. Shopping (2) People usually go to the shop two or three times a week to buy food. Less frequently people go shopping to buy clothes, usually it is women and teenagers. And...
  37. Canadian Cities and Towns Canada is a country with rapid growth of the population. It is mainly concentrated in large cities. The most important among them is the capital of the country, Ottawa. It...
  38. Prague Prague is the capital city and largest city of the Czech Republic. This magical city of bridges, cathedrals, gold-tipped towers and church domes, has been mirrored in the surface of...
  39. The Causes of Heart Diseas Heart disease affects so many people that it has become a serious concern for medical science. The heart is a complex organ that is vulnerable to hereditary as well as...
  40. Abraham Lincoln (2) Abraham Lincoln was the son of a poor farmer. He was born in 1809 and his childhood was spent in hard work. He helped his father on their small farm....
Сейчас вы читаете: Elections in the USA — Выборы в США

« 
 »