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Ice Hockey — Хоккей на льду

Ice hockey is one of the most action-paced of sports, demanding skillful skating, expert stick-handling, and masterly puck control.
The game developed in the frozen expanses of North America, and a hundred years ago became the national winter sport of Canada. It also became very popular in the northern states of the United States, and later spread to Europe, Japan, and even to Australia.
The game probably arose from boys playing on the ice. The kids probably fashioned pucks from frozen «horse apples» and adapted tree branches as hockey sticks, and played on cleared stretches of frozen lakes and rivers, and backyard rinks. Soon it was inevitable that teams began to play against each other and leagues were formed. The earliest mention of the team ice hockey game is a newspaper description of the game played at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal in 1875.
Originally the leagues and national competitions in Canada were amateur. In 1917 the first professional

league was formed, the National Hockey League (or NHL), with four clubs — Montreal Canadians, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Toronto Arenas. Later clubs were formed in American cities, and the NHL spread to the United States. In 1972 a rival professional organisation was formed, the World Hockey Association (or WHA).
In 1893 Lord Stanley, the Governor-General of Canada, presented a silver trophy, the Stanley Cup to the winners and play-offs for the Stanley Cup began, which then became the symbol of professional hockey supremacy.
Canadian-style ice hockey spread rapidly in Europe between the two World Wars. In the northern countries it had to compete against bandy.
Hockey is a team game played on an ice surface, known as a rink. Six players — a goalkeeper, two defence-men, and three forwards — constitute a side.
The game is divided into three periods, each lasting twenty minutes of actual playing time with -10-minute intervals. There are five face-off spots whereby the puck is dropped by the referee between the sticks of two players. After a goal is scored, the puck is brought
back to center ice for another face-off.
The playing area (rink) is 188 to 200 feet long, and about 85 feet wide. The playing area is subdivided into three zones — defensive, neutral and attacking — by two blue lines (called off-side lines) teams defensive zone is that zone where the goal cage, which it is defending, is located. The zone at — the opposite end of the rink is known as the teams attacking zone.
The area between is known as the neutral zone and is divided at the centre by a red line. This line plays an important role in the game’s body checking regulations. Players are subject to a variety of penalties leading to their dismissal from the ice for two minutes or more, thus giving the other team a one-man advantage for the duration of the penalty or until a goal is scored.

Хоккей на льду

Хоккей на льду — один из наиболее популярных видов спорта, который требует умелого катания на коньках, опытной игры с клюшкой и искусного управления шайбой.
Игра развивалась на замерзших пространствах Северной Америки, и спустя столетие стала национальным зимним спортом Канады. Она также стала очень популярной и в северных штатах Америки, а позже распространилась в Европе, Японии и даже Австралии.
Игра берет свое начало от обычных игр мальчиков на льду. Дети, вероятно, лепили шайбы из замерзших «конских яблок» и приспособили ветви дерева как хоккейные клюшки. Они играли на очищенных поверхностях замерзших озер и рек и на катках, которые есть в каждом дворе. Скоро в игру начали играть командами, одна против другой, и были сформированы лиги. Одно из самых первых упоминаний о хоккее на льду — описание в газете игры, сыгранной на катке Виктория в Монреале в 1875 году.
Сначала лиги и национальные соревнования в Канаде были любительскими. В 1917 году была сформирована первая профессиональная лига — Национальная Хоккейная Лига (или НХЛ) с четырьмя клубами — Монреаль Канадианс, Путешественники Вандерерс, Оттава Сенаторе и Торонто Аренас. Позднее клубы были сформированы и в американских городах, и НХЛ распространялась на Соединенные Штаты. В 1972 году была сформирована конкурирующая профессиональная организация — Мировая Хоккейная Ассоциация (или МХА).
В 1893 году Лорд Стэнли, Генерал-губернатор Канады, учредил серебряный трофей, Кубок Стэнли, для победителей в решающих играх, который и стал теперь символом профессиональной хоккейной лиги.
В период между двумя Мировыми войнами хоккей на льду канадского стиля быстро распространился в Европе. В северных странах ему пришлось конкурировать против хоккея с мячом.
Хоккей — командная игра, в которую играют на катке. Шесть игроков — вратарь, два защитника и три форварда — составляют команду.
Игра делится на три периода, каждый длится двадцать минут фактического игрового времени с 10-минутными интервалами. Есть пять зон, где шайба вбрасывается рефери между клюшками двух игроков. После того, как гол забит, шайбу возвращают в центр поля, чтобы разыграть ее снова.
Область игры (каток) составляет от 188 до 200 футов длиной и около 85 футов в ширину. Область игры разделена двумя голубыми линиями на три зоны — защитную, нейтральную и переднюю — так называемую линию вне игры, которые простираются до другой стороны катка. Зона обороны команды — это зона, где находятся ворота, которые она защищает. Зона на противоположной стороне катка называется зоной нападения команды.
Область между ними — нейтральная зона, и она разделена в центре красной линией. Эта линия играет важную роль в игре. Игроки наказываются удалением с поля на время от двух минут и более, предоставляя таким образом другой команде преимущество на одного человека, пока не закончится время наказания или пока не забьют гол.

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