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The Economy — Экономика

Until the 18th century the economy of England was mainly agricultural.
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, however, England gradually evolved into industrial region.
During the late 18th and the 19th centuries, the growth of heavy industries (iron and steel, textiles and shipbuilding) in the northeastern counties was based on the proximity of coal and iron-ore deposits.
During the 1930s the Depression and foreign competition contributed to a decrease in the production of manufactured goods and an increase in unemployment in the factories of Lancashire, Cheshire and Staffordshire.
The unemployed from these northern counties moved to London and the surrounding counties.
The southeast became urbanized and industrialized, with automotive, chemical, electrical and machine tool manufactures as the leading industries.
An increase in population and urban growth during the 20th century caused a significant drop in the acreage of farms in England,

but the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Kent, Lincolnshire, Somerset and North Yorkshire have remained agricultural.

Экономика

До XVIII ст. экономика Англии строилась на сельском хозяйстве.
Но с наступлением промышленной революции Англия постепенно превратилась в промышленный регион.
В конце XVIII и начале XIX вв. рост. тяжелой промышленности (чугун и сталь, текстильная промышленность и кораблестроение) в северо-восточных графствах был связан с расположением близко к поверхности залежей каменного угля и железной руды.
В 1930-х гг. Депрессия и иностранная конкуренция внесли свой вклад в спад производства фабричных товаров и рост безработицы на фабриках Ланкашира,

Чешира и Стафордшира.
Безработные из этих северных графств начали перебираться в Лондон и близлежащие графства.
Юго-восток превратился в урбанизированный и индустриализированный регион, где ведущими отраслями промышленности стали автомобильная, химическая, электрическая и производство механических станков.
Рост населения и городов в XX ст. стал причиной уменьшения площади фермерских земель в Англии, но графства Корнуол, Девон, Кент, Линкольншир, Сомерсет и Северный Йоркшир остались сельскохозяйственными.

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