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Education in Great Britain: Schools — Образование в Великобритании: Школы (3)

In Britain it is compulsory for everyone between the ages of 5 and 16 years to receive some officially recognized form of schooling, though most secondary schools continue to provide education until the age of 18.
The vast majority of pupils attend state schools, which are absolutely free (including all text books and exercise books), but there are also about 500 private schools providing secondary education. The most famous of these schools are Eton and Harrow.
There is no statutory age at which students change from primary to secondary school, nor are schools «specialized» — pupils choose from the numerous subjects taught in their particular school.
The recently introduced National Curriculum has made it compulsory, however, for three core subjects — English, mathematics, and science — and seven other foundation subjects — technology (including design), history, geography, music, art, physical education, and a modern foreign language

— to be included in the curricula of all pupils.
Passage from one academic year to the next is automatic. After a two-year course, usually from 14 to 16 years of age, most pupils take their General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), assessed on the basis of a mixture of course work and a written examination, in individual subjects.
Pupils obtaining at least five passes at GCSE can then specialize for two years (usually from 16 to 18 years of age) in two or three subjects, in which they take the General Certificate of Education Advanced level (A-level) examination. This is used as an entrance qualification for university (minimum two passes) and other types of higher education, as well as for many forms of professional training.

Образование в Великобритании: Школы

В Великобритании обязательно для всех в возрасте с 5 до 16 лет получить некоторую официально признанную форму обучения, хотя большинство средних школ продолжает

давать образование до 18 летнего возраста.
Большинство учеников посещает государственные школы, которые абсолютно бесплатны (включая все учебники и тетради), но есть также приблизительно 500 частных школ, дающих среднее образование. Самыми известными из этих школ являются Итон и Хэрроу.
Нет никакого установленного законом возраста, когда ученики переходят из начальной в среднюю школу, и при этом школы не «специализированы» — ученики выбирают из многочисленных предметов, которые преподаются в их отдельно взятой школе.
Однако, недавно введенный Национальный Учебный план сделал обязательным, чтобы три основных предмета — английский язык, математика, естественные науки — и семь других фундаментальных предметов — технические науки (включая черчение), история, география, музыка, рисование, физкультура и современный иностранный язык — были включены в учебные планы всех учеников.
Перевод из одного класса в следующий является автоматическим. После двухлетнего курса, обычно в возрасте с 14 до 16 лет, большинство учеников получает свой аттестат о среднем образовании (GCSE), в котором оценки полученные за курсовые работы и письменный экзамен по отдельным предметам.
Ученики, получающие по крайней мере пять зачетов в GCSE, могут тогда специализироваться в течение двух лет (обычно в возрасте с 16 до 18 лет) по двум или трем предметам, по которым они сдают экзамен продвинутого уровня (уровня А) на аттестат о среднем образовании. Они подают для вступления в университет (минимум два зачета) и другие до высшие учебные заведения, а также для получения различного профессионального образования.

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