London
London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, situated on both sides of the Thames River; it’s the political, financial, commercial, industrial, and cultural centre of Great Britain. It is the largest city in Europe with the total population of about 8 million people (over 12 million with the suburbs). About one fifth of the total population of the UK lives in Greater London, that is in London with its suburbs.
London is home for the headquarters of all government departments, Parliament, the monarch and all the major legal institutions. It’s the country’s business and banking centre and the centre of its transport network. It contains the headquarters of national television networks and of all the national newspapers. The financial services sector is a major source of overall employment in London.
Consumer goods, clothing, precision instruments, jewelry, and stationery are produced in London, but manufacturing has lost
The original walled city of London (then Londinium) founded by Romans was quite small. In the Middle Ages it did not contain the Parliament or the royal Court, because it would have interfered with the interests of the merchants and traders living there. It was in Westminster, another city outside London’s walls, that these national institutions met. Today, both ‘cities’ are just two areas in Central London. The City is London’s commercial centre; it is also referred to as the «Square Mile of Money’ because of its area.
Other well-known areas of London include the West End and the East End. The former is one of the main tourist attractions of London, where Buckingham Palace and quite a number of world-famous museums are located. It is famous, too, for its theatres, luxurious hotels and restaurants, and expensive shops. The latter is known as a poorer residential area of London.
Central London makes up only a very small part of Greater London. The majority of Londoners live in its suburbs, millions of them commuting into the centre every day to work.
London is a cosmopolitan city. People of several races and many nationalities live there. A survey carried out in the 90s found that 137 different languages were spoken in the homes of just one district of London.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½ — ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
2. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
3. Π’Π°ΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ.
4. Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ — ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅.
5. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
6. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
7. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΉ, ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°Ρ, Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
8. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½, ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π²ΠΎΡ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ².
9. Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π° — Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ «ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΅Π³», ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΡΠΆΠ°, ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΈΡΠΆΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
10. Π Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ-ΠΠ½Π΄ ΠΈ ΠΡΡ-ΠΠ½Π΄, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ½Π°.
1. London is the capital of the UK and its political, financial, commercial, industrial and cultural centre.
2. About one fifth of the total population of the UK lives in Greater London, that is London with its suburbs.
3. It is home for the headquarters of all government departments, Parliament, the monarch, the major legal institutions, the headquarters of national television networks and it is the centre of the country’s transport network.
4. The financial services sector is a major source of overall employment in London.
5. Many goods are produced in London, such as consumer goods, clothing, precision instruments, jewelry and stationery.
6. The once dominant in London textile, furniture, printing and chemical processing have moved outside the area, which has led to a loss of a number of manufacturing jobs.
7. London exports manufactured goods and imports petroleum, tea, sugar, timber and so on; engineering and scientific research are also important for the economy.
8. The original walled city of London was founded by the Romans and did not contain the Parliament or the Royal Court, so that they did not interfere with the interests of merchants.
9. The financial centre of London is the City named ‘the square mile of money’, containing banks, the stock exchange, the Royal Exchange and numerous investment companies.
10. Other well-known areas in Central London are the West End and the East End, the former being one of the main tourist attractions of London with its numerous sights and luxurious hotels and restaurants, and the latter being a poorer residential area of London.
ΠΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ «ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ. Π£ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ» ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π° Π. Π. (2010, 272Ρ.) — Part two. Additional topics.