The expressive means of the language are studied respectively in manuals of phonetics, grammar, lexicology and stylistics. Stylistics, however, observes not only the nature of an expressive means, but also its potential capacity of becoming a stylistic device.
According to content, verbs can be described as words denoting actions (e.g. to walk, to speak, to play), process (e.g. to sleep, to wait, to live), state (e.g. to be, to like, to know), relation (e.g. to consist, to resemble, to lack) and the like.According to form, verbs can be described as words
The Normans in England belonged to the Capetian dynasty spoke Norman French; this became non-prestigious in France as the variety spoken by the Angevian dynasty in France, Parisian French,
A neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created («coined») — often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary. Neologisms are especially useful in identifying inventions,
The noun is expression that refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance, quality or idea. It serve as the subject or object of a verb, and the object of a preposition. Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified
Phraseology received increasing attention in the English-speaking world. Linguistic competence also includes a familiarity with restricted collocations (like break the rules), idioms (like spill the beans in a non-literal sense) and proverbs (like Revenge is sweet),
Groups of Syntactical Stylistic Devices: 1. Stylistic Inversion, Detached Construction, Parallel Construction, Chiasmus, Repetition, Enumeration,
The word «phonetics» is derived from the Greek «sound» and used in two different meanings: 1) to some authors, usually non-phoneticians, phonetics is that part of grammar which deals with speech sounds; 2) to phoneticians, however, phonetics is an independent branch of linguistics which is concerned with the phonetic structure of a language.
Stylistics, sometimes called linguo-stylistics, is a branch of general linguistics. It deals mainly with two interdependent tasks: a) the investigation of the inventory of special language media which by their ontological features secure the desirable effect of the utterance and b) certain types of texts (discourse)
Linguistics is the scientific study of human languages which is characterized by the systemic approach to the object of its investigation. Grammar is one of the main linguistic disciplines which studies the grammatical system of language. The grammatical system
Lexicology (from Gr lexis ‘word’ and logos ‘learning’) is the part of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of the language and the properties of words as the main units of language. The term vосabu1arу is used to denote the system formed by the sum total of all the words and word equivalents that the language possesses.
It’s generally known that most words convey several concepts and thus possess the corresponding number of meanings. A word having several meanings is called polysemantic, and the ability of words to have more than one meaning is described by the term polysemy.
Homonyms are words which are identical in sound and spelling, or, at least, in one of these aspects, but different in their meaning. bank, n.-a shore bank, n.-an institution for receiving, lending, exchanging, and safeguarding money
Synonyms — are two or more words belonging to the same part of speech and possessing one or more identical or nearly identical denotational meanings, interchangeable in some context. Look — to stare, to gaze, to glance, to peep.
1. Phraseology, classification of phraseological units. Vinogradov’s classification of phraseological units: a) phraseological combinations (сочетания). b) unities (единства). c) fussions (сокращения).
The complicated structure and character of the verb has given rise to much dispute and controversy. The morphological field of the English verb heterogeneous. It includes a number of groups or classes of verbs, which differ from each other in their morphological and syntactic properties. All English verbs have finite and non-finite forms. The finite verb invariably performs the function
The words of language are divided into grammatically relevant sets or classes. The traditional grammatical classes or words are called «parts of speech». Words on the upper level of classification are divided into notional and functional.
Modern English like most other languages distinguishes two numbers: singular and plural. Plural and singular nouns stand in contrast as diametrically opposite. Instances are not few, however, when their opposition comes to be neutralised. And this is to say that there are cases when the numeric differentiation appears to be of no importance at all. Here belong many collective abstract
British and American English are two main variants of English. Besides them there are : Canadian, Australian, Indian, New Zealand and other variants. They have some peculiarities in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, but they are easily used for communication between people living in these countries.
There are different points of view on syllable formation) which aге briefly the following. «»The most ancient theory states that there are as many syllablies in a word as there are vowels. This theory is primitive and insufficient since it does not take into consideration